Acidity as a Water Quality Indicator AnalysisDefinition and MeasurementAcidity characterizes the total concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in water, quantified through pH:pH scale: 0-14 (at standard conditions of 25C)Acidity de…
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Activated carbon adsorption materialPreparation and structural characteristicsActivated carbon is made from wood/coal raw materials through high temperature pyrolysis (600-900℃) and steam activation (800-1000℃). Its core featu…
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How long can activated carbon be used?Factors affecting lifespanWater type Expected lifespan Key limiting parameterMunicipal tap water 6-12 months Total treatment volume ≤ 300m/ton carbonHigh organic matter water source 3-6 mo…
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Activated Sludge System FunctionThe activated sludge process achieves the following core functions through aerobic microbial communities:Efficient pollutant degradationOrganic matter mineralizationRemove BOD₅ > 95% (bacteria…
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Active groups (ion exchange functional groups)Active groups refer to the non-movable functional groups immobilized in ion exchange resins through covalent bonds, with the following characteristics:Structural featuresCationic res…
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AdsorptionAdsorption is the phenomenon of enrichment of solutes (adsorbates) at solid/liquid interfaces, with its core characteristics being:Physical adsorption: Van der Waals forces, desorption activation energy < 40 kJ/molC…
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