How long can activated carbon be used?Factors affecting lifespanWater type Expected lifespan Key limiting parameterMunicipal tap water 6-12 months Total treatment volume ≤ 300m/ton carbonHigh organic matter water source 3-6 mo…
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Activated Sludge System FunctionThe activated sludge process achieves the following core functions through aerobic microbial communities:Efficient pollutant degradationOrganic matter mineralizationRemove BOD₅ > 95% (bacteria…
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Active groups (ion exchange functional groups)Active groups refer to the non-movable functional groups immobilized in ion exchange resins through covalent bonds, with the following characteristics:Structural featuresCationic res…
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AdsorptionAdsorption is the phenomenon of enrichment of solutes (adsorbates) at solid/liquid interfaces, with its core characteristics being:Physical adsorption: Van der Waals forces, desorption activation energy < 40 kJ/molC…
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Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs)Advanced Oxidation Processes are chemical oxidation technology systems that achieve deep degradation of pollutants by generating hydroxyl radicals (OH). Their core mechanism is:Reaction Mechani…
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Deep wastewater treatment technologyNutrient removal: Deep removal of nutrientsPhosphorus control: Chemical precipitation (TP＜0.3mg/L) + Biological phosphorus removal (PAOs community)Nitrogen control: Two-stage AO process (TN＜…
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